教师招聘笔试英语学科综合试题7

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阅读理解(本题共10小题，每题2分，共20分)

The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.

The origin of language is also difficult to understand. No doubt it began very gradually. Animals have a few cries that serve as signals, but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words, even with the most intensive professional instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech. When man became intelligent enough, we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative. There are those who think in this age and oral language developed side by side. I prefer to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.

Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history. The first was the domestication of animals; the second was agriculture. Agriculture was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age. Agriculture made it possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced. These were, at first, only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest. Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads, but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.

Another fundamental technical advance was writing, which, like spoken language, developed out of pictures, but as soon as it had reached a certain stage, it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.

These inventions and discoveries — fire, speech, weapons, domestic animals, agriculture, and writing—made the existence of civilized communities possible. From about 3000 B. C. until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these. During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique, and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it. There was, of course, an immense extension in the area of civilized life. At first it had been confined to the Nile, the Euphrates, the Tigris and the Indus, but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greater part of the inhabitable globe. I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during this long time; there was progress — there were even two inventions of very great importance, namely gunpowder and the mariner’s compass — but neither of these can be compared in their power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.

26. According to the article, agriculture ______.

A. was accepted as soon as it appeared

B. is as great a step forward as our machine age

C. helped improve the techniques of domestication

D. at first helped make the land more suitable for crops

27. From the article we can learn that ______.

A. weapons and agriculture are what speech and physical comforts are based on

B. the origin of the language can be clearly understood by studying apes’ behaviors

C. the reason why animals have no language may be that they are not clever enough

D. the agricultural way of life helps a lot in the development of written language

28. Which of the following is the best title of the article?

A. The Development of Civilization B. Speech and Civilization

C. The Origin of Language D. The First Two Stages

【试题分析】本文为说明文。主要介绍了人类“文明史”的进化过程，按照先后顺序分别为：武器和火种的发现、口语的起源、驯养动物和农业、书面语、政治组织的出现。

26.【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据关键词agriculture定位到文章第三段第三句开始的内容。从第三段最后一句的前半句“agriculture met with violent resistance”可知A项错误。C选项在文中无对应依据。D选项为第三段倒数第二句和倒数第三句内容的杂糅，故不选。B选项与第三段第三句“Agriculture was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.”构成同义替换关系。故选B。

27.【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。A项为文中内容的随意拼凑，偷换概念，文章是有提到“农业可以提供身体上的舒适感”，但是这与“weapons”和“speech”没有任何关系。根据第二段第一句“The origin of language is also difficult to understand.”可知B项错误。C项的内容在文中找不到对应依据。文中在第三段提到“在书面记载的历史开始后不久，两个重要的阶段就到来了”，而其中一个阶段就是农业，而后文又提及了农业对于人类进步的重要意义，因此可以推断出“农业对于书面记载的历史是有重要意义的”。故选D。

28.【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。本文通篇讲的都是在人类“文明史”的进化过程中，每个阶段分别有什么样的变化。其他三个选项都犯了以偏概全的错误。故选A。